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1 ядерный реактор
1) General subject: atomic pile, nuclear pile, nuclear reactor, pile2) Naval: atomic reactor, chain reactor3) Military: fission power reactor4) Engineering: fission reactor, nuclear chain reactor, reactor5) Astronautics: nuclear core6) Makarov: chain-reacting unit -
2 ядерная энергетическая установка
1) Naval: atomic energy plant, atomic propulsion unit, atomic-energy installation, nuclear powerplant, nuclear propulsion plant, nuclear propulsion system, nuclear reactor propulsion plant, reactor propulsion system2) Military: nuclear propulsion3) Engineering: atomic energy facility (ЯЭУ), fission power plant, nuclear power facility, nuclear power system, nuclear power unit, ЯЭУ4) Atomic energy: nuclear power plantУниверсальный русско-английский словарь > ядерная энергетическая установка
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3 Atomaktien
Atomaktien
atomic shares (stocks, US);
• Atombrüter breeder pile;
• Atomdeponie nuclear burial ground, nuclear waste dump;
• Atomenergie atomic energy;
• aus der Atomenergie aussteigen to phase out nuclear power plants;
• Atomenergiebehörde Atomic Energy Authority (Br.);
• Europäische Atomenergiegesellschaft (EAEG) European Atomic Energy Community (EURATOM);
• Atomforschung nuclear research;
• Atomgarantieversprechen nuclear guarantee;
• Atomgegner antinuclear protester;
• Atomindustrie langsam herunterfahren to phase down nuclear industry;
• Atomkraft atomic (nuclear) power;
• Atomkraftwerk atomic power plant (station);
• Atomkrieg radioactive warfare;
• Atommeiler atomic pile;
• Atommüll radioactive waste [material];
• Atommüllbeseitigung nuclear waste disposal;
• Atomreaktor nuclear[-power] reactor;
• Atomschlagkraft nuclear capability;
• Atomspaltung nuclear fission;
• Atomwaffen, biologische und chemische Waffen ABC weapons -
4 Szilard, Leo
SUBJECT AREA: Weapons and armour[br]b. 11 February 1898 Budapest, Hungaryd. 30 May 1964 La Jolla, California, USA[br]Hungarian (naturalized American in 1943) nuclear-and biophysicist.[br]The son of an engineer, Szilard, after service in the Austro-Hungarian army during the First World War, studied electrical engineering at the University of Berlin. Obtaining his doctorate there in 1922, he joined the faculty and concentrated his studies on thermodynamics. He later began to develop an interest in nuclear physics, and in 1933, shortly after Hitler came to power, Szilard emigrated to Britain because of his Jewish heritage.In 1934 he conceived the idea of a nuclear chain reaction through the breakdown of beryllium into helium and took out a British patent on it, but later realized that this process would not work. In 1937 he moved to the USA and continued his research at the University of Columbia, and the following year Hahn and Meitner discovered nuclear fission with uranium; this gave Szilard the breakthrough he needed. In 1939 he realized that a nuclear chain reaction could be produced through nuclear fission and that a weapon with many times the destructive power of the conventional high-explosive bomb could be produced. Only too aware of the progress being made by German nuclear scientists, he believed that it was essential that the USA should create an atomic bomb before Hitler. Consequently he drafted a letter to President Roosevelt that summer and, with two fellow Hungarian émigrés, persuaded Albert Einstein to sign it. The result was the setting up of the Uranium Committee.It was not, however, until December 1941 that active steps began to be taken to produce such a weapon and it was a further nine months before the project was properly co-ordinated under the umbrella of the Manhattan Project. In the meantime, Szilard moved to join Enrico Fermi at the University of Chicago and it was here, at the end of 1942, in a squash court under the football stadium, that they successfully developed the world's first self-sustaining nuclear reactor. Szilard, who became an American citizen in 1943, continued to work on the Manhattan Project. In 1945, however, when the Western Allies began to believe that only the atomic bomb could bring the war against Japan to an end, Szilard and a number of other Manhattan Project scientists objected that it would be immoral to use it against populated targets.Although he would continue to campaign against nuclear warfare for the rest of his life, Szilard now abandoned nuclear research. In 1946 he became Professor of Biophysics at the University of Chicago and devoted himself to experimental work on bacterial mutations and biochemical mechanisms, as well as theoretical research on ageing and memory.[br]Principal Honours and DistinctionsAtoms for Peace award 1959.Further ReadingKosta Tsipis, 1985, Understanding Nuclear Weapons, London: Wildwood House, pp. 16–19, 26, 28, 32 (a brief account of his work on the atomic bomb).A collection of his correspondence and memories was brought out by Spencer Weart and Gertrud W.Szilard in 1978.CM -
5 атомен
atomic, atom (attr.); atomicalатомна бомба an atom/atomic bomb, an A-bombатомна война atomic warfareатомна физика nuclear physics; nucleonicsатомна енергия atomic/nuclear energyатомен физик a nuclear physicistатомно ядро an atomic nucleusатомен заряд an atomic warheadатомно тегло/число atomic weight/number* * *а̀томен,прил., -на, -но, -ни atomic, atom (attr.); atomical, nuclear; \атоменен заряд atomic warhead; \атоменен реактор fission reactor; \атоменен физик nuclear physicist; \атоменен център nuclear research centre; \атоменна бомба atom/atomic bomb, A-bomb; fission bomb; \атоменна война atomic warfare; \атоменна физика nuclear physics; \атоменна централа nuclear power station; \атоменно ядро atomic nucleus.* * *1. atomic, atom (attr.);atomical 2. АТОМЕН заряд an atomic warhead 3. АТОМЕН физик a nuclear physicist 4. атомна бомба an atom/atomic bomb, an A-bomb 5. атомна война atomic warfare 6. атомна енергия atomic/nuclear energy 7. атомна физика nuclear physics;nucleonics 8. атомно тегло/ число atomic weight/number 9. атомно ядро an atomic nucleus -
6 Kern
Kern m 1. COMP core; 2. GEN core, gist (eines Problem); 3. IND (AE) center, (BE) centre; 4. PAT gist* * *m 1. < Comp> core; 2. < Geschäft> eines Problem core, gist; 3. < Ind> center (AE), centre (BE) ; 4. < Patent> gist* * *Kern
(Basis) unit, nucleus, (Korn) kernel, (Mittelpunkt) core, essence, heart, (Ursache) root, (Wesentliches) [pith and] marrow;
• Kern einer Angelegenheit crux (nucleus) of a matter;
• Kern der Arbeitslosen hard core;
• Kern der Beweisführung burden of an argument;
• Kern einer Stadt heart (center) of a city, city core;
• Kern eines Vertrages essence (root) of a contract;
• Kern einer Sache bilden to be at the heart of s. th.;
• zum Kern einer Sache kommen (vordringen, vorstoßen) to pierce beneath the show of a thing, to come to the crucial point;
• am Kern einer Sache vorbeigehen to be beside the point;
• Kernaktivität[en] core business;
• Kernarbeitsgebiet core activities;
• Kernaufgabe core task;
• Kernbegriff central concept;
• Kernbestandteil (Anzeige) running body;
• Kerndaten für die Konjunkturprognose (Doktrin) anticipators of a business cycle;
• Kernenergie nuclear energy;
• Kernenergieanlage nuclear site;
• Kernenergienutzung use of nuclear energy;
• Kernfrage crucial problem, pivotal question, sticking point;
• Kernfusion nuclear fusion;
• Kerngebiet core area;
• Kerngedanke key objective;
• Kerngeschäft core business;
• Kernindustrie nuclear industry;
• Kernkapital (Bankbilanz) core capital, tier one (1);
• Kernkompetenz key competency;
• Kernländer core countries;
• Kernprinzip basic principle;
• Kernpunkt main issue, marrow, [crucial] point;
• Kernreaktor atomic (chain) reactor;
• Kernreaktoranlage nuclear power station (plant);
• Kernreaktorgelände reactor site;
• Kernspaltung nuclear fission;
• Kernstück (Anzeige) bold type, (Ausstellung) centerpiece (US) (centre-piece, Br.);
• Kernstücke eines Konzerns core companies of a group;
• Kerntechnik nuclear engineering;
• Kernumwandlung nuclear transmutation;
• Kernwirtschaften core economies;
• Kernzeit (gestaffelte Arbeitszeit) core time. -
7 плутоний
плутоний
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[ http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/alphabetic?langcode=en]EN
plutonium
A highly toxic metallic transuranic element. It occurs in trace amounts in uranium ores and is produced in a nuclear reactor by neutron bombardment of uranium-238. The most stable and important isotope, plutonium-239, readily undergoes fission and is used as a reactor fuel in nuclear power stations and in nuclear weapons. (Source: CED)
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Русско-английский словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > плутоний
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